Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal)

Daidzein and Genistein Content in Tempeh Products from Several Local Soybean Varieties

Siti Uswatun, Sani Nurlaela Fitriansyah, Irma Erika Herawati — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 15:19:41 +0000

Background: Tempeh is a widely consumed food due to its health benefits, affordability, and suitability for long-term consumption. The production process of tempeh from soybeans involves several stages, including soaking, dehulling, and inoculation with Rhizopus oligosporus yeast. Fermentation plays a key role in enhancing the nutritional quality of tempeh, particularly by increasing the levels of aglycone isoflavones. Tempeh contains three major types of aglycone isoflavones: daidzein, glycitein, and genistein. Among these, daidzein and genistein are classified as phytoestrogens due to their structural similarity to endogenous estrogen and their associated health-promoting properties. Objectives: This study was conducted on six different soybean seed varieties and their corresponding tempeh products, processed using traditional methods and subjected to three different fermentation durations (42, 47, and 52 hours). Methods: Soybean seeds and tempeh samples were extracted using a cold extraction method and analyzed for daidzein and genistein content through the standard addition method. Results: The results indicated variations in daidzein and genistein content across the six soybean varieties and among tempeh products fermented for different durations. The tempeh produced from the Dering 1 soybean variety showed the highest daidzein content (2.59%), while the Devon 1 variety exhibited the highest genistein content (2.13%) after 47 hours of fermentation. Conclusions: These findings support the potential of tempeh made from local soybean varieties as a functional food, due to their elevated levels of bioactive isoflavones.

Genus Begoniaceae: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 15:12:49 +0000

Background: Begonia sp. (Begoniaceae) contains phytochemical compounds that possess significant pharmacological activities such as antioxidants, antibacterials, anticancer agents, and even immunostimulants. Objective: Provide information about the phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Begonia species. Methods: This narrative review was conducted by searching the literature using journal databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect relevant from 2014 to 2024. Results: Based on review of various literature studies, 19 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this research. The literature obtained explains that Begonia sp. has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities influenced by phytochemical compounds. Conclusions: Phytochemical compounds in Begonia species can support research and present opportunities in drug development.

Ethanolic Extract of Cyclea barbata Leaves as a Promising Natural Candidate for Anti Peptic Ulcer

Dyah Ratna Ayu Puspita Sari, Putu Yudha Ugrasena, Ni Putu Rika Mahayani — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 15:24:00 +0000

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) was a persistent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by mucosal damage in the stomach or duodenum. Cyclea barbata leaves had been reported to contain bioactive compounds with gastroprotective potential. Objectives: This study investigated the protective effects of 70% ethanolic extract of C. barbata leaves on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly allocated into six groups. The groups consisted of a normal control, a negative control (Na CMC 0.5%), a positive control (ranitidine 13.5 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups that received C. barbata ethanolic extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Treatments were administered orally for 14 consecutive days, and the animals were sacrificed on day 15. Ulcer count, ulcer diameter, ulcer index, and gastric pH were assessed. Results: The negative control group exhibited an average of 6.4 ulcers. Administration of ranitidine and all tested concentrations of C. barbata extract significantly reduced the number of ulcers compared to the negative control. The most pronounced effect was observed at 400 mg/kg BW, yielding an average of 1 ulcer and a significantly lower ulcer index (p < 0.05). In contrast, gastric pH values showed no significant differences among the treatment and negative control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicated that the ethanolic extract of C. barbata leaves exerted gastroprotective activity, with the 400 mg/kg BW dose demonstrating the strongest ulcer-preventive effect.