Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal)

Daidzein and Genistein Content in Tempeh Products from Several Local Soybean Varieties

Siti Uswatun, Sani Nurlaela Fitriansyah, Irma Erika Herawati — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Tempeh is a widely consumed food due to its health benefits, affordability, and suitability for long-term consumption. The production process of tempeh from soybeans involves several stages, including soaking, dehulling, and inoculation with Rhizopus oligosporus yeast. Fermentation plays a key role in enhancing the nutritional quality of tempeh, particularly by increasing the levels of aglycone isoflavones. Tempeh contains three major types of aglycone isoflavones: daidzein, glycitein, and genistein. Among these, daidzein and genistein are classified as phytoestrogens due to their structural similarity to endogenous estrogen and their associated health-promoting properties. Objectives: This study was conducted on six different soybean seed varieties and their corresponding tempeh products, processed using traditional methods and subjected to three different fermentation durations (42, 47, and 52 hours). Methods: Soybean seeds and tempeh samples were extracted using a cold extraction method and analyzed for daidzein and genistein content through the standard addition method. Results: The results indicated variations in daidzein and genistein content across the six soybean varieties and among tempeh products fermented for different durations. The tempeh produced from the Dering 1 soybean variety showed the highest daidzein content (2.59%), while the Devon 1 variety exhibited the highest genistein content (2.13%) after 47 hours of fermentation. Conclusions: These findings support the potential of tempeh made from local soybean varieties as a functional food, due to their elevated levels of bioactive isoflavones.

Genus Begoniaceae: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Begonia sp. (Begoniaceae) contains phytochemical compounds that possess significant pharmacological activities such as antioxidants, antibacterials, anticancer agents, and even immunostimulants. Objective: Provide information about the phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Begonia species. Methods: This narrative review was conducted by searching the literature using journal databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect relevant from 2014 to 2024. Results: Based on review of various literature studies, 19 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this research. The literature obtained explains that Begonia sp. has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities influenced by phytochemical compounds. Conclusions: Phytochemical compounds in Begonia species can support research and present opportunities in drug development.

Ethanolic Extract of Cyclea barbata Leaves as a Promising Natural Candidate for Anti Peptic Ulcer

Dyah Ratna Ayu Puspita Sari, Putu Yudha Ugrasena, Ni Putu Rika Mahayani — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) was a persistent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by mucosal damage in the stomach or duodenum. Cyclea barbata leaves had been reported to contain bioactive compounds with gastroprotective potential. Objectives: This study investigated the protective effects of 70% ethanolic extract of C. barbata leaves on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly allocated into six groups. The groups consisted of a normal control, a negative control (Na CMC 0.5%), a positive control (ranitidine 13.5 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups that received C. barbata ethanolic extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Treatments were administered orally for 14 consecutive days, and the animals were sacrificed on day 15. Ulcer count, ulcer diameter, ulcer index, and gastric pH were assessed. Results: The negative control group exhibited an average of 6.4 ulcers. Administration of ranitidine and all tested concentrations of C. barbata extract significantly reduced the number of ulcers compared to the negative control. The most pronounced effect was observed at 400 mg/kg BW, yielding an average of 1 ulcer and a significantly lower ulcer index (p < 0.05). In contrast, gastric pH values showed no significant differences among the treatment and negative control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicated that the ethanolic extract of C. barbata leaves exerted gastroprotective activity, with the 400 mg/kg BW dose demonstrating the strongest ulcer-preventive effect.

The Study of Drug Storage Behavior in Indonesia: A Scoping Review

Tricia Andini Richard, Suci Hanifah, Yuliet Susanto — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Poor home drug storage techniques can worsen the issue of antibiotic resistance, lower therapeutic efficacy, and raise the risk of toxicity. The purpose of this study was to use a scoping review technique to map the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Indonesians with regard to drug storage. Home drug storage practices may be affected by Indonesians’ knowledge, attitudes, and habits regarding the storage of household pharmaceuticals using a scoping review methodology.
Methods: This study uses a scoping review methodology. The study reviewed scientific literature that was obtained from the Google Scholar database, PLOS ONE, PubMed, Indonesia One Search, by using “Boolean.” Of the 615 records, twenty-six met the inclusion requirements.
Results: According to the report, most Indonesian families keep up to five types of medications in their homes. Such as antibiotics, antipyretics, antiplatelet medications, anti-hypertensive medications, cough suppressants, antihistamines, and pain relievers. Misunderstanding was also present. The improper disposal of expired medications poses not only a health issue but also a safety one. Additionally, national programs have improved people’s awareness. During the period, education programs significantly improved drug use competence and education.
Conclusion: Many Indonesian houses continue to store drugs improperly. The drug management staff are working on preventing the community from storing drugs inappropriately. Increasing education and educational initiatives are required. Indonesian families continue to face many drug-related problems; more education and training, particularly safety and more effective in the community, medical personnel, suitable storage facilities, and educational initiatives are required.

Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients with or Without Diabetes Mellitus at Undata Hospital, Palu

Khusnul Diana, Oviani Kristiono, Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Hemodialysis is a renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of CKD. Hemodialysis can affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL), as biological and psychological domains and daily life may vary by age, sex, education, and type of treatment received by patients.
Objectives: To assess HRQoL among hemodialysis patients at Undata Hospital, Palu, according to age, sex, comorbidities, years of undergoing dialysis, and education level.
Methods: An observational study was conducted using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical records. The study included a total of 88 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Instruments used included demographic characteristics, social functioning, mental and physical well-being, and overall quality of life descriptions.
Results: Most participants were male (55.7%), aged 31–56 years (68.2%), and undergoing HD twice weekly (93.2%). The HRQoL domains were moderate. Forty patients (45.5%) had no diabetes and 48 had diabetes mellitus. Mean HRQoL scores were 46.60 for patients without DM and 45.91 for patients with DM. There was no significant difference in HRQoL based on age (p=0.104), dialysis duration (p=0.015), or educational background (p=0.973). Only comorbidity was associated (p=0.750).
Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus experience lower HRQoL than those without. Age, dialysis duration, and education level are additional determinants of HRQoL in this population.

Pharmaceutical Compatibility of Non-Sterile Mixing Recipes in Pediatric Patients in Covid-19 Pandemic

Andi Maulana Kamri, Mirawati Mirawati, Yuyun S Ningsih — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Drug compounding is the process of combining, mixing, or changing ingredients in the manufacture of drugs to meet patient needs. The risk of pharmaceutical incompatibility can affect the stability and efficacy of the compounded preparation.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the pharmaceutical feasibility of non-sterile prescriptions in pediatric outpatients by evaluating dosage forms, concentrations, stability, and potential drug incompatibilities.
Materials and Method: This study used a cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling technique and retrospective data collection. The sample in this study was 58 sheets of concoction recipes for children in Pulvere form.
Results: The results showed that all prescription dosage forms were powder, and the strength of the drug was fully stated on the prescription. Based on the results of the study, several prescriptions had the potential for instability, including those containing Ambroxol (1.72%), Cetirizine (3.44%), Codeine (1.72%), Dexamethasone (1.72%), Methylprednisolone (3.44%), Isoniazid (1.72%), Metronidazole (5.17%), Nifedipine (1.72%), Omeprazole (1.72%), Paracetamol (5.17%), Prophylthiouracil (3.44%), Ranitidine (3.44%), Rifampicin (1.72%), Salbutamol (10.34%), Triprolidine HCl + Pseudoephedrine HCl (3.44%), Vitamin B complex (1.72%), and Vitamin C (3.44%). Additionally, one prescription contained drugs with potential immiscibility, namely N-acetylcysteine and Erythromycin. The drugs Erythromycin, Salbutamol, and N-acetylcysteine were identified as having the potential for incompatibility.
Conclusion: Vitamin C and Vitamin B complex most frequently exhibited hygroscopic instability and photolytic degradation; therefore, it is not recommended to be mixed.