Effects of Variation in Volume Ratios of Chitosan-Gelatin on the Physicochemical Properties of Patches Prepared from Bitter Grape (Tinospora crispa) Stem and Pegagan (Centella asiatica)

Nindita Clourisa Amaris Susanto Susanto

doi:10.22487/j24428744.2026.v12.i2.17835

Authors

Nindita Clourisa Amaris Susanto Susanto a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:25:"universitas sebelas maret";}

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2026.v12.i2.17835

Keywords:

patch, chitosan, gelatin, physicochemical properties

Abstract

Introduction: Patches are a dosage form with several advantages, such as ease of use, avoiding external contamination, and leaving no residue. One of the essential components in making transdermal patches is the polymer, which is used as the base of the patch. This polymer will influence the release of the drug from the transdermal patch. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of variations in the volume ratios of gelatin and chitosan on the physicochemical properties of transdermal patches produced from extracts of bitter grape stem and Pegagan. Experimental Method: The patch bases were made by mixing gelatin and chitosan with various volume ratios of 0:6 (gelatin:chitosan), 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1, and 6:0. Meanwhile, the patch preparations were formed by mixing each patch base with extracts of bitter grape stem and Pegagan at constant volumes of 0.3 and 0.7 mL, respectively. Then, this research tested the physicochemical properties of patch bases and transdermal patches, including organoleptic, weight uniformity, pH, thickness, and fold resistance. Results: The results revealed that the monolayer patches, both the base and the preparation, produced from gelatin and chitosan with a volume ratio of 3:3 exhibited the best physicochemical properties compared to others. The organoleptic testing revealed that the patches were a thin layer with a yellow color, a dry surface, no cracks, and a distinctive odor. The values of the weight uniformity, pH, thickness, and fold resistances were about 0.023 ± 0.001, 0.010 ± 0.001, 4.68 - 5.92, 0.04 - 0.05, and 350 - 378, respectively. Conclusion: The variation in the volume ratios of gelatin and chitosan affected the physicochemical properties of the patches produced in this study. The patches could not be successfully formed when the chitosan volumes were higher than gelatin.