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Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a new invasive pest in Indonesia; in its larval stage, it attacks maize plants and can cause high-yield losses. Differences in the distribution and attack of S.frugiperda in each region depending on climate factors and cultivation practices. This study examines the distribution of S. frugiperda and the effects of landscape structure and environmental factors on the abundance and intensity of the attack. This study was conducted from August to October 2020 on maize plantations in the Tuban Regency. Collection of S. frugiperda larvae was carried out on maize crops aged 2-6 weeks after planting by hand-collecting on plots of 10 m x 20 m. Landscape parameters were determined by vegetation mapping by buffering within a radius of 500 m from the centre point of the maize plot using ArcGIS 10.5 software. Land use is determined based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery data using the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. Vegetation, water, and built-up land index bands are used as input for classification. Observed environmental data includes; altitude and average monthly rainfall. The spatial distribution of S. frugiperda abundance and percentage levels of attack was interpolated using an ordinary type kriging method with spherical kernels in ArcGIS 10.5 software. The influence of landscape parameters and environmental factors was analyzed using a generalized linear model in statistical software R. The kriging results showed that the highest abundance and intensity of S. frugiperda attacks were concentrated in areas with low elevations with an aggregate distribution pattern. Altitude and rainfall have a negative and significant relationship, while landscape parameters have a positive and significant relationship to the abundance of S. frugiperda. Increasing the area of semi-natural habitat can increase the abundance and attack rate of S. frugiperda. This is because semi-natural habitats can provide resources for pests.
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