Main Article Content

Abstract

In the health care system, pharmaceutical care systems are one of the core components and pharmacists play a very important role. With the dynamic changes that occur in health services, diseases, communication and regulatory information technology, the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists are becoming increasingly important than before. Pharmacists are dedicated and in a strategic position to maintain and advance public health. Their efforts improve the quality of life of individuals by helping people to live as freely as possible from illness, pain, and suffering. One of the obligations of pharmacists is to educate the public about health and drug use. Pharmacy practices involve pharmacists, patients, other professional health personnel and the public can be conceptualized as a social process. Therefore, understanding the concepts and principles behind social pharmacy disciplines is very essential and useful for a pharmacist and pharmacy student. The purpose of this article review is to briefly review a number of important topics concerning social, behavioral and administrative aspects in pharmacy to achieve a stronger understanding of dynamic and complex interactions between patients, pharmacists, drugs, teams of health workers, organizations and larger social systems. Mastery of students and pharmacists on this issue – asa consequence of the inclusion of social and administrative aspects into the pharmacy's higher education curriculum–willenable them to be professionally responsible for improving patient drug therapy outcomes as individuals, communities, society, and state systems; and have a greater impact on population health through drug-related public policies.

Article Details

How to Cite
Saud, A. (2019). Review: Farmasi Sosial dan Administratif: Review: Social and Administrative Pharmacy. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal), 5(1), 49 - 64. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i1.12068

References

  1. Adegboyega, A. A., Onayade, A. A., & Salawu, O. (2005). Care-seeking behaviour of caregivers for common childhood illnesses in Lagos Island Local Government Area, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine: Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 14(1), 65–71.

     

    Almarsdottir, A., & Granas, A. (2015). Social Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy—Joining Forces. Pharmacy, 4(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy4010001.

     

    Amin, R., Shah, N. M., & Becker, S. (2010). Socioeconomic factors differentiating maternal and child health-seeking behavior in rural Bangladesh: A cross-sectional analysis. International Journal for Equity in Health, 9, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-9-9.

     

    Anderson C. (2008). Social Pharmacy- The Current Scenario. Indian J. Pharm Pract, 1(1), 1–3.

     

    Anderson, R. (2004). The peril of deprofessionalization. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 61(22), 2373–2379. Retrieved from http://openurl.ebscohost.com/linksvc/linking.aspx?authtype=athens&genre=article&issn=1079-2082&volume=61&issue=22&spage=2373&date=2004-11.

     

    Ansari, M. (2018). Chapter 2 – Sociobehavioral Aspects of Medicines Use in Developing Countries. Social and Administrative Aspects of Pharmacy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Present Challenges and Future Solutions. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811228-1.00002-9.

     

    Babar, Z. U. D., Ibrahim, M. I. M., Singh, H., Bukahri, N. I., & Creese, A. (2007). Evaluating drug prices, availability, affordability, and price components: Implications for access to drugs in Malaysia. PLoS Medicine, 4(3), 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040082.

     

    Becker, M.h .,  ed. (1974). “The Health Belief Model and Personal Health Behaviour.” Health Education Monographs, 324–473.

     

    Boyle, C. J., Beardsley, R. S., Morgan, J. A., & Rodriguez de Bittner, M. (2007). Professionalism: a determining factor in experiential learning. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 71(2), 31. Retrieved from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed8&NEWS=N&AN=17533440.

     

    Broadhead, R. ., & Facchinetti, N. . (1985). Clinical clerkships in professional education: A study in pharmacy and other ancillary professions. Social Science and Medicine, 20(3), 231–240. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L15240165%5Cnhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(85)90236-9%5Cnhttp://sfx.library.uu.nl/utrecht?sid=EMBASE&issn=02779536&id=doi:10.1016%2F0277-9536%2885%2990236-9&atitle=Clinical+cle.

     

    Brushwood, D. . (1992). OBRA 90: What it means to your practice. US Pharmacist, 17, 64–72.

     

    Buerki, R. ., & Vottero, L. . (1994). Ethical responsibility in pharmacy practice. American Institute of the History of Pharmacy.

     

    Burton, D. C., Flannery, B., Onyango, B., Larson, C., Alaii, J., Zhang, X., … Feikin, D. R. (2011). Healthcare-seeking behaviour for common infectious disease-related illnesses in rural Kenya: A community-based house-to-house survey. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 29(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v29i1.7567.

     

    Chalmers, R. K., Adler, D. S., Haddad, A. M., Hoffman, S., Kjel, A., & Woodward, J. M. B. (1995). Reports The Essential Linkage of Professional Socialization and Pharmaceutical Care. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 59, 85–90.

     

    Cocolas, G. . (1989). Pharmacy in the 21st Century Conference: Executive Summary. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 53(Winter Supplement), 1S–78S.

     

    Dalal, K., & Dawad, S. (2009). Non-utilization of public health care facilities: examining the reasons through a national study of women in India. Rural and Remote Health, 9(3), 1178.

     

    Denzin, N. K., & Mettlin, C. J. (2006). Incomplete Professionalization: The Case of Pharmacy. Social Forces, 46(3), 375–381. https://doi.org/10.2307/2574885.

     

    Diez-Roux, A. (1998). Bringing context back into epidemiology: variables and fallacies in multilevel analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2). https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.88.2.216.

     

    Flannery, M. ., Buerki, R. ., & Higby, G. J. (2007). 150 years of American pharmacy as reflected in its trade press. Medical Economics, 151(May), 58.

     

    Flexner, J. . (1931). A Vanishing Profession. Atlantic Monthly, 16–25. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Flexner%2C+J.A.+%281931%29.+A+vanishing+profession.+atlantic+monthly&oq=Flexner%2C+J.A.+%281931%29.+A+vanishing+profession.+Atlantic+Mon.

    Fukushima, N. (2016). Social Pharmacy: Its Performance and Promise. Yakugaku Zasshi, 136(7), 993–999. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.15-00280.

     

    Glanz, K., & Rimer, B. K. (2005). Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12134.

     

    Hammer, D. (2006). Improving student professionalism during experiential learning. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj700359.

     

    Hammer, D. P. (2000). Professional Attitudes and Behaviors : The “ A ’ s and B ’ s ” of Professionalism. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 64, 455–464. Retrieved from http://www.aacp.org/resources/studentaffairspersonnel/studentaffairspolicies/documents/asandbsofprofessinalism.pdf.

     

    Hammer, D. P., Berger, B. A., Beardsley, R. S., & Easton, M. R. (2003). Student professionalism. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 67(3), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj670396.

     

    Harding, G., & Taylor, K. M. G. (2006). Teaching social pharmacy: The UK experience. Pharmacy Education, 6(2), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/15602210600665066.

     

    Harding Geoffrey, & Taylor Kevin. (2009). Social dimensions of pharmacy (1) The social context of pharmacy | Feature | Pharmaceutical Journal. The Pharmaceutical Journal, (1), 1–2. Retrieved from https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/features/social-dimensions-of-pharmacy-1-the-social-context-of-pharmacy/10982003.article?firstPass=false.

     

    Hatoum, H. (1982). Attitudes of pharmacy students towards psychosocial factors in health care, 16, 1239–1241.

     

    Higby, G. J. (1986). Professionalism and the nineteenth-century American pharmacist. Pharmacy in History, 28(3), 115–124.

     

    Hill, W. T. (2016). White Paper on Pharmacy Student Professionalism. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996), 40(1), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31043-9.

     

    Huq, M. N., & Tasnim, T. (2008). Maternal education and child healthcare in Bangladesh. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 12(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-007-0303-3.

     

    Ibrahim, M. I. M., Awang, R., & Razak, D. A. (1998). Introducing social pharmacy courses to pharmacy students in Malaysia. Medical Teacher, 20(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421599881228.

     

    Ibrahim, M. I. M., & Wertheimer, A. I. (2017). Introduction: Discovering Issues and Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Social and Administrative Aspects of Pharmacy in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: Present Challenges and Future Solutions. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811228-1.00001-7.

     

    Larson, C. P., Saha, U. R., Islam, R., & Roy, N. (2006). Childhood diarrhoea management practices in Bangladesh: Private sector dominance and continued inequities in care. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(6), 1430–1439. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl167.

     

    Luong, D. H., Tang, S., Zhang, T., & Whitehead, M. (2007). Vietnam during Economic Transition: A Tracer Study of Health Service Access and Affordability. International Journal of Health Services, 37(3), 573–588. https://doi.org/10.2190/2422-2477-6233-3g0n.

     

    Lynch, J. W., & Kaplan, G. A. (1997). Understanding how inequality in the distribution of income affects health. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 297–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539700200303.

     

    Maine, L. (2016). Scanned with CamScanner. In J. C. Rickles, Nathaniel M. Wertheimer, Albert I. Schommer (Ed.), Social and Behavioral Aspects of Pharmacy Practice (pp. xv–xvii). Kendall Hunt.

    Manasse, H. R., Kabat, H. F., & Wertheimer, A. I. (1976). Professional socialization in pharmacy 1: A cross sectional analysis of personality characteristics of agents and objects of socialization. DRUGS HLTH CARE. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0017178415&partnerID=tZOtx3y1.

     

    Manasse, H. R., Kabat, H. F., & Wertheimer, A. I. (1977). Professional socialization in pharmacy. A cross-sectional analysis of dominant value characteristics of agents and objects of socialization. Social Science and Medicine, 11(11–13), 653–659. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0017688724&partnerID=tZOtx3y1.

     

    Manasse, H. R., Stewart, J. E., & Hall, R. H. (1975). Inconsistent socialization in pharmacy--a pattern in need of change. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 15(11), 616–621, 658. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0016577893&partnerID=tZOtx3y1.

     

    Manzo, M. L., Djibo, A., Luquero, F. J., Grais, R. F., Page, A.-L., & Hustache, S. (2011). Health care seeking behavior for diarrhea in children under 5 in rural Niger: results of a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-389.

     

    Mbagaya, G., Odhiambo, M., & Oniang’o, R. (2005). Mother’s health seeking behaviour during child illness in a rural western Kenya community. African Health Sciences, 5(4), 322–327.

     

    McCartney, G., Collins, C., & Mackenzie, M. (2013). What (or who) causes health inequalities: Theories, evidence and implications? Health Policy, 113(3), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.05.021.

     

    McCormack, T. . (1956). The Druggists ’ Dilemma : Problems of a Marginal Occupation. American Journal of Sociology, 61(4), 308–315.

     

    Millis, J. S. (1976). Looking ahead--the report of the Study Commission on Pharmacy. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 33(2), 134–138.

     

    Morgall, J. M., & Almarsdóttir,  a B. (1999). No struggle, no strength: how pharmacists lost their monopoly. Social Science & Medicine, 48(9), 1247–1258.

     

    Ndugwa, R. P., & Zulu, E. M. (2008). Child morbidity and care-seeking in Nairobi slum settlements: The role of environmental and socio-economic factors. Journal of Child Health Care, 12(4), 314–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493508096206.

     

    Nuruddin, R., Hadden, W. C., Petersen, M. R., & Lim, M. K. (2009). Does child gender determine household decision for health care in rural Thatta, Pakistan? Journal of Public Health, 31(3), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdp038.

     

    Oxford English Dictionary. (1933). Profession. In Oxford English Dictionary (6th ed., p. 1426).

     

    Parascandola, J., Brodie, D. ., Benson, R. ., Francke, D. ., Whitney, H. ., & Rodowskas, C. . (1976). Clinical pharmacy in historical perspective. Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy, 10, 505–528.

     

    Pillai, R. K., Williams, S. V., Glick, H. A., Polsky, D., Berlin, J. A., & Lowe, R. A. (2003). Factors affecting decisions to seek treatment for sick children in Kerala, India. Social Science and Medicine, 57(5), 783–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00448-3.

     

    Rayes, I. K., Hassali, M. A., & Abduelkarem, A. R. (2015a). Perception of community pharmacists toward their current professional role in the healthcare system of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 23(3), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2014.11.016.

     

    Rayes, I. K., Hassali, M. A., & Abduelkarem, A. R. (2015b). The role of pharmacists in developing countries: The current scenario in the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 23(5), 470–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2014.02.004.

     

    Rickles, N., Wertheimer, A., & Schommer, J. (2016). Social and Behavioral Aspects of Pharmacy Practice. Kendall Hunt.

     

    Rickles, N., Wertheimer, A., & Smith, M. (2010). Social and Behavioral Aspects of Pharmaceutical Care. Jones and Barlett.

     

    Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). The Health Belief Model and Health Behavior. Handbook of Health Behavior Research I Personal and Social Determinants, 1(4), 71–91. Retrieved from http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:The+health+belief+model+and+helath+behavior#0.

     

    Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (1988). Social Learning Theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Education & Behavior, 15(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500203.

     

    Rosenstock IM. (2005). Why People Use Health Services. The Milbank Quarterly,83(4), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00425.x.

     

    Rovers, J. (2011). Advancing pharmacy practice through social theory. Science, 2(3), 1–9.

     

    Sakisaka, K., Jimba, M., & Hanada, K. (2010). Changing poor mothers’ care-seeking behaviors in response to childhood illness: Findings from a cross-sectional study in Granada, Nicaragua. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-10-10.

     

    Shaikh, B. T., & Hatcher, J. (2005). Health seeking behaviour and health service utilization in Pakistan: Challenging the policy makers. Journal of Public Health, 27(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdh207.

     

    Shawyer, R., Bin Gani, A., Punufimana, A., & Seuseu, N. (1996). Ethnographic Research : a Folk Taxonomy of Diarrhoea in Thailand. Science, 42(1), 111–123.

     

    Sonnedecker, G. . (1961). To be or not to be - professional. American Journal of Pharmacy, 133, 243–254.

     

    Sørensen, E., Mount, J., & Christensen, S. (2003). The concept of social pharmacy. The Chronic Ill, (7), 8–11. Retrieved from http://www.mcppnet.org/publications/ISSUE07-3.pdf.

     

    Speedie, M. (2011). Introductory Experiential Education: A Means for Introducing Concepts of Healthcare Improvement. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(6), 145. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj7006145.

     

    Sudharsanam, M., & Rotti, S. (2007). Factors determining health seeking behaviour for sick children in a fishermen community in Pondicherry. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 32(1), 71–72. Retrieved from http://www.ijcm.org.in/article.asp?issn=0970-0218;year=2007;volume=32;issue=1;spage=71;epage=72;aulast=Sudharsanam.

     

    Taffa, N., & Chepngeno, G. (2005). Determinants of health care seeking for childhood illnesses in Nairobi slums. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 10(3), 240–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01381.x.

     

    Teerawichitchainan, B., & Phillips, J. F. (2008). Ethnic differentials in parental health seeking for childhood illness in Vietnam. Social Science and Medicine, 66(5), 1118–1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.10.020.

     

    Thind, A. (2004). Health Service Use by Children in Rural Bihar. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 50(3), 137–142. Retrieved from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed6&NEWS=N&AN=2004267666.

     

    USAID. (2009). Health-seeking Behavior in Rural Uttar Pradesh :Implications for HIV Prevention,Care and Treatment. Brief, (August), 1–7. Retrieved from http://www.healthpolicyinitiative.com/Publications/Documents/961_1_UP_Health_Seeking_Behavior_and_HIV_Brief_FINAL_8_31_09_acc.pdf.

     

    Veatch, R. M., Haddad, A. M., & English, D. C. (2009). Case Studies in Biomedical Ethics: Decision-Making, Principles, and Cases. Oxford University Press USA.

     

    Wertheimer, A. I. (1991). Social/behavioural pharmacy - The Minnesota experience. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026341531&partnerID=tZOtx3y1.

     

    Wilensky, H. L. (2002). The Professionalization of Everyone? American Journal of Sociology, 70(2), 137–158. https://doi.org/10.1086/223790.

     

    Yount, K. M. (2003). Provider bias in the treatment of diarrhea among boys and girls attending public facilities in Minia, Egypt. Social Science and Medicine, 56(4), 753–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00072-2.

     

    Zellmer, W. A. (1992). The culture and subcultures of pharmacy. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 49(4), 841. Retrieved from https://academic-oup-com.proxy.lib.pacificu.edu:2443/ajhp/article-abstract/49/4/841/5076342?redirectedFrom=fulltext.

     

    Zorek, J. A., Lambert, B. L., & Popovich, N. G. (2013). The 4-year evolution of a social and behavioral pharmacy course. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 77(6). https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe776119.